Randolph County was formed in 1779 from Guilford County.  It was named in honor of Peyton Randolph, member of the notable Virginia family.  He was first president of the Continental Congress (1774-75).  Randolph County is in the central section of the state and is bounded by Chatham, Moore, Montgomery, Davidson, Guilford and Alamance Counties. Asheboro was established as the county seat on the land of Jesse Henley in 1796.

Gently rolling hills, river valleys, and forest land characterize Randolph County's 790 square miles. It is the 11th largest county in North Carolina and has the 19th highest population in the state.  Nine municipalities are incorporated within the county: Archdale, Asheboro, Franklinville, Liberty, Randleman, Ramseur, Seagrove, Staley and Trinity. Asheboro is approximately 70 miles from Raleigh and from Charlotte, the state's largest city.

Randolph County is a part of the Piedmont Triad region, a six-county area whose central location puts it within 90 miles of the Blue Ridge Mountains to the west and within 200 miles of the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The county sits in the middle of the Eastern Seaboard, within 500 miles of half of the nation's population and largest markets. The region is united by the Piedmont Triad International Airport, interstate highways, a score of colleges and universities, and a rich cultural life.

Although Randolph County is a part of the largest metropolitan area located entirely within North Carolina, it is still small-town living at its best - close enough to larger cities to have access to the amenities, but small enough to escape such urban problems as traffic congestion, higher unemployment, and an increasing crime rate.